The science of nutrients, dietary patterns, and how food affects human health, performance, and disease.
Foundations of the three macronutrients — sources, structures, caloric values, and their roles in the body.
Water- and fat-soluble vitamins, major and trace minerals — functions, deficiencies, and dietary sources.
Dietary guidelines, plate-style models, balanced eating patterns, and common evidence-based diets.
Water requirements, electrolyte roles, dehydration and overhydration, and fluid regulation.
BMR, TDEE, the thermic effect of food, energy systems, and how energy balance drives body composition.
GI tract anatomy, key enzymes, absorption sites, transporters, and gut-microbiome interactions.
Essential vs non-essential amino acids, protein quality, nitrogen balance, and key metabolic pathways.
Lipoproteins, beta-oxidation, ketogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, and dietary fat impact on lipids.
Insulin resistance, glycemic management, dietary therapy for T2DM, and metabolic-syndrome criteria.
Pre/intra/post-workout nutrition, ergogenic aids, hydration strategies, and macro periodization.