Biotechnology

Identify the ethical dilemmas of gene editing, clinical trial phases, and the roles of the FDA and EMA.

How the CRISPR-Cas9 system works, guide RNAs, PAM sequences, and the future of gene therapy.

Covers Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Bt-crops, Golden Rice, and herbicidal resistance.

Explore Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), transgenic animals, and the production of therapeutic proteins.

Bioremediation, biosensors, and using microbes for wastewater treatment and plastic degradation.

Understand pluripotency, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and the scaffolds used in regenerative medicine.

From Sanger sequencing to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Nanopore technology.

Test your knowledge on bioreactor design, scale-up logic, and upstream vs. downstream processing.

An introduction to molecular cloning, restriction enzymes, and how plasmids are used to create recombinant molecules.

Explore the three stages of PCR, primer design, and variations like RT-PCR and Quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Using microbes to clean up pollution.

The basics of cutting, pasting, and cloning DNA.

The potential for gene therapy and agriculture.

The history and process of producing insulin using bacteria.

How to separate DNA fragments by size.